Water flows are cold and higher in rivers and streams due to the spring snowmelt, reports Pacific Gas and Electric Co., meaning outdoor recreationists should remain aware and cautious as higher flows mean dangerously cold, swiftly moving water. PG&E urges those who venture near rivers and streams to take extra precautions, especially around hydroelectric facilities and dams, where flow conditions can change rapidly. Swimming in cold, swift water is not recommended.
“The melting snowpack is creating cold, higher flows,” said Dave Gabbard, PG&E vice president of power generation. “We encourage everyone recreating in or near water to be situationally aware and have a plan to quickly and safely escape in case of changing water flows and cold temperatures.” Most California rivers are fed by snowmelt, making them cold even in summer. Lives can be saved by simple actions such as recognizing if the water is too cold or swift, knowing limits, wearing a life jacket and simply not entering the water when conditions seem unsafe.
PG&E shares water safety tips as follows:
Know the risks
- Prevention is the best way to save a person from drowning. By the time a person is struggling in the water, a rescue is extremely unlikely and places the rescuer at risk.
- Sudden immersion in cold water can stimulate the “gasp reflex,” causing an involuntary inhalation of air or water. It can even trigger cardiac arrest, temporary paralysis, hypothermia and drowning. When faced with swift water, even the strongest swimmers can be easily overwhelmed.
- Cold water entering the ear canal can cause vertigo and disorientation. This can confuse swimmers, potentially causing them to venture deeper into the water.
- Cold water reduces body heat 25 to 30 times faster than air does at the same temperature and causes impairment that can be fatal.
Learn about self-rescue techniques
Survival tips for those who do fall into the water include the following:
- Don’t panic. Try to control breathing and don’t gasp. A sudden, unexpected fall into cold water causes an involuntary gasp (or torso) reflex. It takes less than one-half cup of water in a person’s lungs to drown. Those who remain calm have a greater chance of self-rescue.
- Those with a boat should stay with it. It will help a person stay afloat and will be seen more easily by rescuers. If it’s capsized and a portion of the craft is above water, try to climb on top.
- Stay afloat with the help of a life jacket if possible, regain control of breathing and keep the head above water in view of rescuers.
- If possible, remove heavy shoes. Look for ways to increase buoyancy such as by holding onto seat cushions or an ice chest.
- Those in the water with others can huddle together facing each other to help everyone stay afloat and keep warm.
- In the case of falling into a river without a life jacket, keep feet pointed downstream and face upward.
- Those who fall into the water with waders on should roll onto the shore. Wear a belt with waders.
Be aware of limits
- Swimming in open water is more difficult than in a swimming pool. People tire more quickly and can get into trouble.
- Many unseen obstacles can be lurking below the water’s surface. This is especially the case during spring and early summer snowmelt. Rising water can make these obstacles even more treacherous. Guided trips for inexperienced paddlers are recommended.
- Conditions change quickly in open water and even the best swimmers can misjudge the water and their skills when boating or swimming. Wear a Coast Guard-approved life jacket.
- Actively supervise children in and around open bodies of water, giving them the undivided attention of an adult. Do not assume that someone is watching them. Appoint a designated “water watcher,” taking turns with other adults. Use the buddy system and never swim alone.
PG&E’s vast hydropower system is built along 11 river basins stretching about 400 miles. The system uses water from more than 100 reservoirs, mostly located in higher elevations of the Sierra Nevada. PG&E’s 61 powerhouses produce about 3,800 megawatts of power.
Information provided by Pacific Gas and Electric Co.